MESA Banner
Hot Air Balloons, Airplanes and Flying Automobiles: Politicized Symbols of Progress in Ottoman Press (1908-1911)
Abstract
In this paper, I examine how post-revolutionary Ottoman satirical press used symbols of technology such as hot air balloons, airplanes and automobiles in order to criticize the Young Turk regime. For this purpose, I analyze cartoons and stories that were published in a satirical journal called Kalem (Pen). My reason for choosing to focus on satirical press is to be able to understand the social and political anxieties that appeared after the 1908 constitutional revolution. I argue that while the non-satirical periodicals were mostly unable to criticize the post-revolutionary CUP government, some Ottoman intellectuals used satire as a means to circumvent censorship and raise criticism. After the constitutional revolution, the CUP government initiated a propaganda campaign in which Abdülhamid II and his reign were associated with ignorance and backwardness. Using the latest technology, the CUP government organized balloon and airplane flights in Istanbul for the purpose of convincing the public about the new regime’s open-mindedness and modernity. The non-satirical mainstream press was also vigorously celebrating those new machines and arguing that the Young Turk Revolution was a crucial step towards the Empire’s modernization. Satirical journals, on the other hand, were not convinced. Kalem published several cartoons and satirical stories criticizing the Ottoman public’s excitement over balloons, airplanes and automobiles. By publishing cartoons about balloon failures and automobile accidents due to user ignorance, the contributors to the journal underlined the fact that the Ottoman public was still largely uneducated, and therefore not ready for modern machines. To be able to circumvent censorship, the satirists also used malfunctioning hot air balloons and airplanes as metaphors for the newly opened Ottoman parliament and the constitutional regime. By directly attacking these technological symbols of the new regime, they criticized the CUP and implied that as long as the old mentalities continued to exist, it would be impossible to make real reforms. Therefore, a detailed analysis of Kalem will display the post-revolutionary anxieties and concerns of Ottoman intellectuals that were often times neglected by the non-satirical Ottoman press.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Ottoman Empire
Sub Area
None