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Abstract
The Invisible Voices of Radio Bari From 1934-1943 the fascist state-run Radio Bari in Southern Italy broadcasted propaganda in Arabic towards the Middle East and North Africa. Radio Bari caused ripples within British and French colonial systems with its fascist, pseudo-anti-colonial, and eventually directly anti-British and anti-French perspective. This paper listens to the invisible voices of Radio Bari – the speakers and the singers and musicians of Radio Bari’s orchestra – in order to demonstrate the ways in which individuals working at the sound-level shaped the perception of Radio Bari in the MENA region. This is a project of recovery and discovery, as information about these figures is scant and dispersed. Unlike fellow Arabic propaganda station Radio Berlin, whose principal speaker Yunus al-Bahri was famous throughout the Arab world, Radio Bari had a rotating cast of mostly anonymous announcers from various Arab countries. I build on the work of Arturo Marzano in excavating information the Archivio Centrale dello Stato and the Archivio del Ministero degli Affari Esteri, both in Rome, about these speakers. These documents include some personal details, but perhaps more interesting is the documentation of listeners’ strong reactions to the announcers’ pronunciation, grammar, dialect, and voice quality. The texts are clear that the manner of speaking of the announcers was an integral part of their radio listening experience and made the difference between a compelling station and a “ridiculous” one. The second part of my paper focuses on the musical personnel of Radio Bari, including the orchestra and featured singers. These include significant Arab musical figures such as one of Radio Bari’s orchestra directors, Salvatore Giannini, who later became director of the Beirut conservatory, and singer Elia Baida, a close relative of the founders of the Lebanese-German Baidaphon record label. Using Radio Bari’s monthly periodical and other archival sources, I build a compendium of these profiles. The voices and musical styles of these artists would have been familiar to listeners and they would have held meaning through their personal biographies, nationalities, and the genres of music they performed. Radio Bari’s voices changed the perception of the station in measurable ways, allowing its political messages to have more and less impact at different times. This case study adds to a broader body of work focusing on individuals, rather than government bodies, and demonstrates the importance of sound and voice in the analysis of radio and of radio propaganda.
Discipline
Media Arts
Geographic Area
All Middle East
Arab States
Egypt
Maghreb
Sub Area
None