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Between the Visible and Invisible: Ethics of Care, Gender, and Class in Urban Egypt
Abstract
“The ethics of care” has been coined by feminists to account for the often unrecognized and unappreciated time and energy women invest in caring for their families and communities. This notion has been an important correction to the devaluing of work done outside the cash economy and to the marginalization of the care needed for the survival of families and the reproduction of communities. Over the past two decades, the notion of the ethics of care has become the focus of a rich body of literature, which is debated in different disciplines, including psychology, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and political science. Drawing critically on this literature and on long-term ethnographic research in a low-income neighborhood in northern Cairo, this paper looks at the care work that women are increasingly burdened with under neoliberal policies. In particular, women have to reckon with a weakened state commitment to provide basic health and educational services and with the growing emphasis on individual responsibility as key to survival and wellbeing. The precarious economic conditions that Egypt has been experiencing the past several years, especially the dramatic increase in living costs without any matching increase in incomes, generates new challenges for women as they strive to find new ways to meet the needs of their families with less resources. From looking after children, cleaning, shopping for affordable products, making food, and managing the budget to finding tutors, organizing private lessons, helping sons and daughters with schoolwork, and attending to the sick, the work of women is essential to daily life. Most women choose these care practices over laboring in backbreaking and low-paying jobs because they are keenly aware of its importance to the wellbeing of their loved ones. The paper pays special attention to the “connections of care” (such as visiting neighbors and friends, exchanging foods and gifts, and helping when a neighbor or relative gives birth or has a special occasion) that women create and how these connections are key to their making as gendered and classed subjects. Rather than the strong emphasis on gender, this paper brings class to the foreground and argues that the ethics of care loses part of its analytical purchase when not simultaneously including a deep analysis of class and how it is inseparable from gender in daily life.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Egypt
Sub Area
None