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Cultural production under government control: The case of Turkish TV industry
Abstract
Despite being an emerging transnational industry and one of the largest TV program exporters worldwide, Turkish television is still largely national in its production practices and content and thus, highly vulnerable to the domestic political landscape of Turkey. Drawing from a political economy approach, this paper will examine how the Turkish government exercises control over the Turkish TV industry, and transnational media conglomerates and platforms that operate in Turkey, such as Netflix Turkey, and discuss its implications on content and global sales. In the last decade, the Turkish TV industry’s economic and cultural success and worldwide popularity have resulted in increased political control and interference by the government. The encouragement of government sanctioned content along with increasing stifling of content that reflects the dilemmas and aspirations of a heterogeneous society have had a number of significant consequences for the Turkish TV industry and its domestic and global audiences. On the one hand, such religio-conservative content has found new audiences in new markets in predominantly Muslim countries in East and Southeast Asia, such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and continuing markets in Southwest Asia and North Africa (SWANA--previously referred to as MENA). On the other hand, this has had considerable implications on domestic content whereby the industry has leaned toward the plotlines that championed conservative themes such as traditional gender roles, while avoiding controversial socio-political issues including minorities, ethnic and racial inequalities and queer identities. Through a critical analysis of the implementation of the government’s new media policies, President Erdogan’s political and ideological reasoning behind his control of media, and interest from the new and predominantly Muslim markets for Turkish TV series, we aim to illustrate how both national and regional economic incentives, political pressures, global formations and South-to-South cultural flows have shaped and transformed the Turkish TV industry and its content.
Discipline
Media Arts
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
Pop Culture