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Narratological Approaches to Abd al-Malik Isami's (fl. 1350) Epic “Futuh al-salatin”
Abstract
This paper discusses narrative strategies concerning the representation of “Macht” (“power”) and “Herrschaft (“rule”) in Abd al-Malik Isami's historical epic “Futuh al-salatin”. As no biographical work mentions him, we know next to nothing about Isami. He was forced to leave his home in Delhi when Sultan Muhammad b. Tughluq (d. 1351) ordered moving the capital to Dawlatabad in the Deccan in about 1327. Because his grandfather died on the way, the poet is consequently a hostile witness with regard to the reign of Muhammad b Tughluq. In Dawlatabad, he composed his “Futuh al-salatin” and dedicated the work to the founder of the newly established Bahmanid dynasty, Ala ad-Din Bahman Shah (r. 1347-58). After having finished his epic in 1350, he decided to migrate to the Hidjaz. He settled there, and most likely died in Medina. The year of his death is not known. The “Futuh al-salatin” comprises 11,693 verses and is modelled on Firdawsi’s (d. 1020) well-known “Shah-nama”. It presents the deeds of the Muslims and of the Muslim rulers in India from the time of the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud (d. 1030) to the date of composition. The majority of the sultans are honoured by eulogies, written in a clear, vivid style, praising their bravery, sagacity, piety, and generosity – eulogies that are often garnished by anecdotes and legends intended to show the sultan in the best light to those who succeeded him. Up to now, Isami’s “Futuh al-salatin” has been perceived as a historiographic text. Scholars like Peter Hardy or Khaliq Nizami wanted to find out to which degree the facts the epic provides us with were trustworthy and reliable rather than not. In this talk, we will analyze the “Futuh al-salatin” with the help of the classic narratological toolkit including topics like focalization, plot, narrator vs. author, time, setting, analepsis, prolepsis, etc. Focusing on the representation of “power” and “rule”, the different voices of the epic – authorial, storytelling, analogical – will be addressed as well as moral reflections, spiritual discourses and the textual function of speech and dialogue.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
India
Sub Area
13th-18th Centuries