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Epigraphic Decrees, Taxation, and Administrative Corruption in the Mamluk Period
Abstract
In recent years Mamluk historians have successfully deployed the distinction between legitimate power and effective power to make sense of the political conflict that plagued the Sultanate in the mid-fourteenth century, a period that previously had been written off as one of chaos. This work has emerged also from a re-assessment of the significance of the long reign of al-Nasir Muhammad in the first decades of the century as one which triggered the regime's loss of centralized power to that of the Mamluk magnates whose own autonomous political organizations competed with the government for access to material resources. The author's research builds on this re-assessment by noting that these alternative loci of effective power constituted also competing taxation systems within the Mamluk lands. One critique of this re-assessment, particularly the latter, is that it has relied excessively on the narrative historical tradition, which has long dominated Mamluk historiography. The corpus of Mamluk period epigraphic decrees, although systematically collected since the late nineteenth century and now being re-published in the CD-ROM Thesaurus d'spigraphie Islamique, has been generally neglected in recent scholarship. Nonetheless, the decrees, most of which concern the abolition of taxes, lend strong documentary support to this re-assessment of politics, not only in the fourteenth century, but continuing also into the fifteenth. The poster will exploit the opportunity afforded by graphic representation of epigraphic evidence by presenting tax abolition decrees in a variety of expressions: typology, geography, and chronology. The evidence shows the range of means used to exploit the subject population, the distribution of these alternative taxes across the landscape of Egypt and Syria, and the emergence and development of these alternative taxes. The evidence presented shows clearly the continuation of the conflict between the legitimate power of the Sultanate and competing loci of effective power throughout the remainder of the Mamluk period.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Egypt
Syria
Sub Area
13th-18th Centuries