The Hizmet (“service”) movement—a faith-based philanthropic association established by followers of the influential Turkish preacher, Fethullah Gülen—is emblematic of the type of civil society organization that has interconnections with both private markets and Turkish state administration. While much attention has been paid to the ways in which Hizmet members have been involved with the Turkish government, this paper will instead focus on the intersections between private market interests and Hizmet social benevolence projects. Based on ethnographic research on the Hizmet movement in Turkey and the United States, this paper demonstrates how Gülen’s teachings have urged followers to turn wealth production into philanthropic activity in a process that follows the logic of social entrepreneurship (business ventures that emphasize social goals over profit production). Though the movement does provide opportunities for traditional charitable giving, Hizmet members have also launched numerous social enterprises. These include for-profit schools, Islamic banking and financial institutions, and international trade and business networks in which profits are turned toward socially transformational ends. This paper will discuss in particular how the development of schools in various locations have been coupled with investments in often unproven local businesses. These risky business ventures are implemented with the explicit social goal of encouraging the growth of the local economies, while profit-making is maintained as a long-term goal. This case is emblematic of the ever-more-prevalent forms of neoliberal philanthropy, where market mechanisms are used to address social problems. This case also allows us to rethink the notion of civil society less as a distinctive realm of social activity than as an intersection where various types of organizational expectations—state, market, social—play out.