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Ottoman Virtue Politics: Discourse and Theory
Abstract
This paper proposes that one of the defining constituents of Ottoman political thought is virtue politics. In the first part, a basic schema of a virtue political discourse (VPD) directed at the definition of virtue political behaviors and institutions will be presented through concepts such as character formation, virtues and vices, eudaemonist conception of happiness and justice as virtue. The texts that will be used as the source of analyses as follows; Nushatü’s-Selâtîn by Mustafa Âlî, ?erefü'l-?nsân fî Ciheti'l-Fazileti ve't-Te?rîf by Lâmii Çelebi, Fira?? Abdurrahman Çelebi’s Terceme-i Ahl??-? Mu?sin?, Enîsü’l-Ârifîn by Azmi Pir Mehmed, Ferruhnâme by Nasûh b. Abdullâh Akhisârî Nevâlî. After an initial identification of a VPD in the aforementioned works, it will be argued that there is a special notion of politics that is disseminated over moral thought and that we have enough evidence to name it as virtue politics. Second part of the paper will be devoted to the strategy that will be pursued in clarification of this claim. I will try to offer three key concepts as the fundamentals of virtue politics; moral realism, intention and language. Moral realism will be discussed to determine the priority of the moral against the political. (In what ways does the priority of the moral create tensions with the political?) A second core concept is intention which plays a vital role in Ottoman virtue ethical discourse. This vital role could be explored through the relation between action and intention. How does the latter shape the former? Third concept that I choose as fundamental for an Ottoman VPD is language. It is a distinctive mark of the discourse that is itself could be presented as virtue. Locating the place of knowledge of history, poetry and sciences of eloquence in moral argumentation will help me to appraise importance of the language. How does scholars invoke the power of moral character through historical cases and poetry? In what ways, do the language and ethical depiction of political cases nurture each other? To conclude, these three concepts (moral realism, intention and language as virtue) will be the paper’s theoretical tools that will allow me to recognize the contours of virtue politics.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Ottoman Empire
Sub Area
13th-18th Centuries