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The Last Ottoman Guerrillas: Veterans of the Kuvayi Milliye and their Struggle for Remembrance and Recognition in Modern Turkey, 1950s–60s
Abstract
Great interest in public memory and remembrance in modern Turkey has resulted in an impressive number of works studying autobiographies, public celebrations, and monuments in early republican Turkey. While making important contributions to the field, most of these works are limited to the perspective of the center and members of the – both imperial and national – elites. In this presentation, I shall provide a different perspective by studying the politics of remembrance of the Ottoman past surrounding the “Kuvayi Milliye,” (“national forces”), the guerrilla units active in occupied Anatolia in 1918–1922. These units were often commanded by locals who, born around the turn of the century, had received some formal education (either in medreses or idadi high-schools) and served as Ottoman reserve officers in the Great War before joining the guerrillas. These men were twenty years younger than the “Last Ottoman Generation” (Michael Provence 2017) – but, judging from their memoirs, just as Ottoman as them. By the 1950s, these last Ottoman reserve officers started to organize as veterans of the Kuvayi Milliye. In my presentation, I shall study the magazine Kuvayi Milliye, published by the veterans’ organization Türkiye Kuvayi Milliye Mücahit ve Gaziler Cemiyeti. The magazine, which was published first in Adana (1951–52, 1958–1961) and later in Mersin (1961–1975), serialized numerous memoirs of kuvayi milliye veterans, who often cited and sometimes criticized the works of more prominent memoir writers: The veterans stressed the voluntary and spontaneous character of their struggle – implicitly crititizing military service and centralization – and insisted that their local and provincial perspective ought to be considered in the writing of official historiography. In my presentation, I shall utilize Jan and Aleida Assmann’s concepts of collective vs. communicative memory: communicative memory is conceptualized as the active, living work of remembering by people who have witnessed certain events. Communicative memory plays a part in the shaping of collective memory, which usually is far less detailed and more standardized, and eventually replaces communicative memory (Assmann and Frevert 1999). I will study how the veterans tried to shape, correct and influence the emerging collective memory of the importance of guerrilla war in the Turkish War of Independence by publishing their own, communicative memory of it.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
None