Tunisia’s foreign policy since independence has been a reflection of Tunisian identity. Based on fieldwork in Tunis during four months in 2014, this paper examines how the shaping and reshaping of Tunisian identity explains essential elements of Tunisian foreign policy. I will draw on and incorporate theories about identity politics, nationalism, state formation and citizenship. Habib Bourguiba’s foreign policy reflected Tunisian elites’ secular and western identity and vision for the country in the immediate post-colonial environment. He envisioned a Tunisia that was more European than Arab or Muslim and purposefully neglected ties to North African, Middle Eastern or Mediterranean neighbors. With the Islamic revival and other cultural shifts of the 1980s, President Zine el-Abidi Ben Ali shifted Tunisian foreign policy toward a more complex and multi-faceted Tunisia that was European, Mediterranean and Muslim/Arab. He endeavored to (re)shape Tunisian identity by seeking new relationships with Arab monarchs, North African neighbors, and Mediterranean countries. After the Tunisian revolution the moderate Islamist Ennahda party formed a coalition government, which included secularist parties Ettakatol and CPR. The foreign policy portfolio was shared by both CPR leader President Moncef Marzouki and the Foreign Ministry, which fell under Ennahda’s control until the formation of a technocratic government in early 2014. While Tunisia’s overall posture and positioning did not go through a tectonic shift, the Troika government did make symbolic and actual shifts in foreign policy. Tunisia was no longer nearly as close to Arab monarchs and friendlier to democratic forces and efforts. Tunisia had tense diplomatic relations with Egypt after Islamist president Mohammed Morsi was ousted by the military. After 2011, Tunisia also repaired and strengthened diplomatic ties with the U.S., which were in decline since 2005 largely due to U.S. disappointment with Tunisia’s human rights’ record. With the election of Beji Caid Essebsi, Tunisia has reasserted a secularist identity in the context of deep political and sociological polarization. Tunisia’s identity debates are likely to continue to fuel shifts in its foreign policy, in changing regional and global contexts.