Building on Henri Lefebvre’s identification of space as the “conceived’, “perceived”, and “experienced,” this paper develops a space-agency framework for understanding the contingent praxis of successive regimes of power in dealing with the concepts of public protest, surveillance, and control in Tahrir Square since the 2011 uprising. Tahrir Square has been considered to be the central example of popular celebrations for liberating space and transgressing beyond the socially constructed walls of divided communities, whether under Mubarak’s or other’s dictatorial regimes. However, soon after the revolutionary “liberation” of the square, cement walls were built to contain revolutionaries inside the once-liberated space, making it again a spatial prison for insurgents. Under the new regime of the Muslim Brotherhood, once also part of the opposition, this public enclosure is open for people to leave, but remains a space of surveillance, while potential actors get arrested in the bordering streets and alleys. The fluid exchange among roles and actors since the revolution can be discerned in the space, as Mubarak government remnants join the opposition revolutionaries to protest in Tahrir against the new regime of power. This paper problematizes the boundaries among competing claims to Tahrir, tracing how the same actors, Mubarak/ Muslim Brotherhood, who continuously change political and spatial position contradictorily superimpose them. It is in these processes of de- and re- walling that the singular space of Tahrir exhibits the inherent contradictions among multiple claims to political and spatial control, and the tactics people continue to generate to resist these walls and the technologies of power they represent.
Architecture & Urban Planning