From the late twelfth century onward, maps related to the hajj pilgrimage make their appearance. These maps are to be found in certificate scrolls confirming the completion of the hajj and in travelogues containing maplike pictures of the holy sites. These can be read as an indication of the growing demand for visual images of sacred spaces. Eventually, the scope of the images in these pilgrimage scrolls expands into an illustrated hajj manuscript series and a collection of prayer books: Futūḥ al-ḥaramayn (Conquests of the Holy Sites), which first appears in the early sixteenth century, and proliferates in a multiplicity of copies thereafter; and the Dalāʾil al-khayrāt (Ways of Edification) prayer book that was extremely popular in the eighteenth century, which also includes bird’s-eye views of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The pocket-book version of these books became so popular that hundreds of copies were produced from the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries. In tandem with these hajj manuals, a tradition begins of including a glazed Kaʿba tiles in mosques adjacent to the miḥrāb (prayer niche) showing a schematic map-like representation of the Kaʿba framed by a rectangle with a series of place-names indicating the direction of prayer (Qibla) from around the world. The inspiration for these Kaʿba tile maps comes from Qibla charts (way-finding diagrams for locating Mecca) that emerged as a result of the Islamic injunction to pray, bury the dead, and sacrifice animals, among other ritual rites, specifically in the sacred direction of Mecca and to perform nonreligious acts, especially those related to bodily functions, deliberately not in that direction. A variety of Qibla schemes developed based on a combination of folk and mathematical science. These schemes appear in a multitude of sectors ranging from the simplest of four and eight-sector schemes to ten-, eleven-, twelve-, and even seventy-two sector schemes. This paper will present and analyse efforts to spatially depict spaces of Muslim pilgrimage and the direction of prayer in the context of a larger on-going book manuscript project. In keeping with the interests of this proposed panel, this talk will highlight the growth in interest of depictions of Islamic sacred spaces from the twelfth century onwards demarcating borderland barriers with an eye on patriarchal discourse.