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Master Peace: Violence, techno-politics and expertise in post-Civil War Lebanon
Abstract
Carl von Clausewitz famously declared that war is a continuation of politics by other means; Michel Foucault notoriously wondered whether the inverse is rather the case, before reluctantly suggesting that liberal peace is the continuation of race war by other means. Bruno Latour provocatively argued that we have never been …peaceful, since neither Nature nor Reason nor Science can any longer be the arbiter of last resort in contemporary controversies. If war constitutes our existential predicament, our ontological presence, our philosophical telos, are we then to forsake peace forever? And if we are all to embrace Heraclitus, should we not at least know what exactly we rejected? This paper seeks to contribute to a centuries-old debate on war and peace by way of an ethnographic exploration among peacemakers and crisis experts in post-Civil War Lebanon (1975-1990). The main argument portrays the country as fertile ground for the deployment of a Deleuzian assemblage around the problematization of political violence. Based on fieldwork and archival work, the paper offers a panorama of the deployment of master peace, as I suggest calling this novel form of power. It shows how master peace is made up of complex forms of techno-politics and simulacra, hypermobile expertise and hyperbolic concepts, hybrid technologies and hype techniques; how it travels from metropolitan centres to restive peripheries; how it constructs subjects and subordination; finally, how it redraws the conceptual map of the Middle East. To master peace has been the perennial aim of all ruling power. Pacification arguably has a long history in the West long before Vietnam. It has been the constant preoccupation of any colonial power when faced with disobedience, armed insurgencies and subaltern revolts. Yet, this paper seeks to show that after the end of the Cold War, the deployment of a novel power to pacify continues to be the most comprehensive, intrusive and expansive effort thus far to control unrest and discontent at a global scale in a world that is nevertheless proving less and less masterable.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Lebanon
Sub Area
Transnationalism