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A Gift of the Litani: The Politics of Electricity in Lebanon
Abstract
In 1955, the Litani River Administration (LRA) — a public institution tasked with the development of mashrouʿal-Litani, the Litani project, —became Lebanon’s first recipient of a World Bank loan financing the construction of the Qaraoun dam to produce hydroelectricity. More recently, as the rest of the country plunged further into darkness because of nationwide power shortages, the hydroelectric stations of the Litani project continued to provide more than 20 hours of hydraulically-generated electricity per day to 109 villages in the areas of West Bekaa, Chouf, and the South governorate of Lebanon that are connected to local power grids. Though they’ve not been deprived of electric power, these towns and villages have nevertheless been affected by this nationwide crisis. If electricity is a typical infrastructure, it is also an eminently social and cultural thing; and energy sources and social relations are intimately connected. What are the social, political, ecological, and cultural forces that shape and regulate the public provision and distribution of electricity in these regions? What are the “regimes of value” (Appadurai 1994) under which electricity, an “unlikely commodity” (Özden-Schilling 2021), circulates in both space and time? Based on one year of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 5 villages in West Bekaa where the Qaraoun dam is located, this research paper traces the many social lives of electricity and explores their politics. While residents of those villages cannot explain, with neither certainty nor consensus, how and why select villages can derive electric power from the Litani, they offer their own explanations as to which villages should in fact be connected to the Litani grid. The paper attends to the manifold way the gaps and tensions between these two entwined scales become invested with local political and ethical claims to show how, for these residents, electricity becomes a gift of the Litani.
Discipline
Anthropology
Geographic Area
Lebanon
Sub Area
None