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Defining Alevism: Boundary Making Strategies Among Alevis in Turkey
Abstract
Alevis are the largest religious minority in Turkey. “Alevi revival” which emerged in late 1980s resulted in reconstruction and realization of Alevi identity, culture and ritual. It also paved the way to a number of academic works. But most importantly a lot of Alevi organizations, associations, foundations and federations flourished in the upcoming years. Today, there are more than three hundred Alevi associations and foundations in Turkey and almost each of them has a different understanding of what Alevism means. While some Alevi civil society organizations define Alevism as a unique belief and a way of life, others claim that Alevism is a part of Islam. The aim of the article is to discover Alevi organizations’ definition of Alevism in relation to Islam within the discourse. Hence, the paper asks how Alevis construct inter-group boundaries vis-à-vis Sunnis in Turkey. I argue that Alevis construct and maintain inter-group boundaries with Sunnis to differentiate themselves from the majority community and organizations in Turkey. In other words, Alevis tend to define Alevism based on similarities and differences to Islam which leads to various numbers of Alevi identifications rather than a unified entity. In doing so, they also come up with various identifications of Alevism in relation to Islam. The study aims to contribute to the literature on Alevi organizations in Turkey by presenting a novel frame for understanding the ways in which Alevis differentiate themselves from Sunnis. In addition, the study seeks to contribute to the emerging field of boundary making approach by presenting diverse perspectives and strategies of boundary making on Alevism by focusing on Alevi associations and foundations. The study uses qualitative data based on elite interviews from five major Alevi associations and foundations in Turkey namely Pir Sultan Abdal Kültür Derne?i, Hac? Bekta? Veli Anadolu Kültür Vakf?, Alevi Kültür Dernekleri, CEM Vakf? and Dünya Ehl-i Beyt Vakf?. In addition, this study utilizes textual analysis of the aforementioned organizations’ journals and printed materials which were published since their foundation.
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
Turkish Studies