Abstract
Tunisia emerged in the decade between the Arab Spring of 2011 and presidential coup of 2021 as a country that has relative success with democratic processes towards regime transition. The long drafting process of the Tunisian Constitution from 2011 to 2014 has often been heralded as a proof of Tunisia’s leadership in making profound political transformations compared to hasty processes of change, such as the 2011 constitutional reform in Morocco that only took a few months. Yet, both constitutions presented noteworthy innovations that advanced a legalization of dignity demands in the region. In certain key respects, the latter constitution was even inspired by innovations in the former. This research aims to untangle and compare the mechanisms that produced such innovations and identify the actors involved, particularly the public as a contending force at the time. It also identifies the philosophical and practical objectives of such innovations. Comparative analysis will be aided by primary data from interviews with key political officials who witnessed and were directly involved in Rabat and Tunis in the constitutional reform and creation process. The theoretical framework of this study is inscribed in studies of politics of dignity (Kateb, 2014; Fukuyama, 2018) with a connection made to processes of constitutionalizing human rights and human dignity and implications for state-society relations (Daly, 2012; Rosen, 2012; Düwell, 2014; Barak, 2015; Sikkink, 2017). The comparative case for constitutional changes in Morocco and Tunisia can help us understand the political transformation of both individualized and collective demands such as the ones for human rights, particularly as they stem for a recognition of human dignity.
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