Abstract
This paper explores the mappings, destabilizations, reconfigurations, and consolidations of gender, ethnicity, class, and state power (Al-Khalifa ruling family, U.S., Saudi Arabia) in Bahrain since the ongoing democracy uprisings that began in February 2011. I assume mutually shaping strategies of control and resistance between state and opposition forces whose members have varying positionalities and visions of the good society. I am concerned with how strategies of repression and resistance are reflected in and on different “bodily presences” (Fregonese 2012) in the built environment at particular moments -- quotidian or event-based -- and the gendered dimensions of these materialized and embodied dynamics. There is a long history of repression, divide and rule sect politics, and containment tracing to British imperialism, the Bahrain ruling family’s dependent relations with its near and wealthier neighbor, Saudi Arabia, and its important geo-political-military location within recent U.S. imperial goals and anxieties. But Bahraini society also includes a history of leftist resistance and cross-class solidarity (at least in urban areas) based on class-based subordination, as well as oppositional political formations based on regional Shi’i solidarities. This paper is particularly concerned with the gendered dimensions of these processes since February 2011 in a context with its own patriarchal dynamics and how these map onto bodies and space in Bahrain. Among the questions addressed are: What are the primary mechanisms through which men and women are organizing? How does this inform particular approaches to space? What impact, if any, are the uprisings having on the gendered and classed segregation of space? How has the uprisings impacted the urban-rural divide? What have been the impacts of the decentralization of protest from Manama to villages and small towns as central city spaces have been the primary targets of security clampdowns and containment strategies? This paper will be based on fieldwork and textual, cartographic, and visual secondary and primary source research.
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