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Arabic or Latin: Language Ideologies and Script Selection
Abstract
This study investigates the use of the Arabic and Latin scripts in Morocco in daily communication, including digital or online interaction, and advertising. Many people in Morocco use the French-based Latin characters to write their local varieties such as Moroccan Arabic and Amazigh/Berber. Heated debates took place recently in Morocco surrounding the official adoption of the Tifinagh script to codify Berber; however less focus has been placed on the unofficial selection of Latin script to write Arabic and Berber varieties. This study investigates the linguistic and social factors involved in such selection, and argues that the use of Latin script is ideologically connected to the status of French in the country as a language that indexes power, modernity and social prestige. This research builds on work that sees writing systems as a social field and a site for investigating language ideologies and issues of identity. Different criteria affect the use of a particular script, and these include usefulness and practicality, often defined in terms of accessibility to the population and the spread of literacy. These criteria, however, become secondary when compared to social and ideological considerations. In order to investigate the factors for using the Latin script in Morocco, the current study employs a research approach that incorporates observation, questionnaire surveys, and recorded interviews. The results of this study are significant for interpreting the practicalities and ideologies behind the utilization of the Latin script in Morocco. The results also help us understand the language and script hierarchies in countries beyond Morocco in which multiple writing systems interact and compete.
Discipline
Linguistics
Geographic Area
Maghreb
Morocco
Sub Area
None