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Abstract
Most histories of Ottoman Algeria focus on masculine forms of political power. This study, however, considers the networks that Ottoman officials and local elites co-constructed through marriage and political appointments - networks that were essential to the preservation of imperial authority. Ironically, the Sultan had banned the very unions that maintained Ottoman sovereignty in Algeria, but due its increasingly marginalized position within the empire, officials in the regency were able to stretch beyond the confines of official policy. Through their acceptance or denial of imperial officials’ marriage proposals, Algerian women, then, served as arbiters of Ottoman administrators’ right to rule and either conferred power or marked the suitor as unworthy of high office. Therefore, women played a significant role in shaping Ottoman-Algerian social politics and maintaining Ottoman sovereignty. To understand how women, marriage, and kinship connections legitimated Ottoman rule, I employed both text-mining and close-reading techniques to construct a social network graph that incorporates both named actors and unnamed, most of whom were women. The few extant fragments of knowledge from Ottoman Algeria emerge from French and Arabic chronicles of the governors, travel narratives, and consular records.Through text mining to extract named and unnamed entities and social network visualization to illustrate their relationships, unnamed women’s spectral presence may be recovered and represented despite their absence in the archival record. These kinship connections and the sub-communities to which they give rise can be meaningfully investigated quantitatively using social network analysis measures, such as betweenness centrality scores. By examining these quantitative measures, we learn more about both named and unnamed women’s positions within the structure of Ottoman-Algerian society. Through an analysis of the individual lives, relationships and underlying structure that make up the Ottoman-Algerian network in Constantine between 1567 and 1837, I argue that Algerian women were essential intercultural mediators and conduits to power.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Algeria
Sub Area
13th-18th Centuries