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State Formation and Sovereignty in Middle East
Abstract
The division of Kurdistan, a historic and a geographic region, between the semi-sovereign states of Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria after the end of First World War excluded Kurds from the right to full 'citizenship' and the right to a Kurdish state 'a homeland'. These states governed Kurds and Kurdistan through most repressive techniques of political economy, apparatuses of security, and communication technology. Kurds challenged these states' exercise of sovereign right over Kurdistan, and they deemed the borderline drawn between parts of Kurdistan unjust, against rules of natural law, natural justice, and cause of instability to Kurdish and Kurdistan society. In the present, most democratic member states of the international community favour a lasting settlement to the Kurdish Question through the foundation of Kurdish right to a sovereign 'homeland'. What is sovereigntyi Sovereignty is a Westphalian conceptualization of 'juridical-political-social' autonomous administrative structure founded on non-intervention principle. Any empirical and, or, imagined engagement with sovereignty needs to be realized in the context of its domain time, space and its people, citizens. Time and space history and geography-territory are critical for the realization of sovereignty. They are indication of sovereign's period-duration, province and allocation of the right to citizenship for its residents. The passage of Westphalian sovereignty begun after the end of the Cold War, and practices of post-sovereignty in the Middle East emerged. Post-sovereignty is a global governance model. It is synonymous to post-colonialism, cosmopolitics and diaspora. It is an approach and a practice concurrent with the emergence of globalization, global governance of the fragile and failed states through defence, diplomacy, prevention of refugee exodus, humanitarian intervention in conflict areas, and development through aid. Has the emergence of post-sovereignty in the Middle East contributed to improvement of justice, human rights, stability and inclusive societies
Discipline
Political Science
Geographic Area
Kurdistan
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries