Abstract
The presence of Arabic as a minority language in the US has been challenged due to the recent political climate, which has created a considerable challenge to the maintenance of Arabic and has contributed to its rapid attrition among Arab American youth. Therefore, a critical need arises to analyze the use of Arabic among heritage speakers in the US. Foundational work on narratives (Wolfson 1978, Labov and Waletzky 1997 [1967]) has examined the construction of narratives among monolingual speakers. However, recent work on narratives of personal experience has shifted the attention to bilingual experience in the construction of lived experiences (Hill 1995, Koven 2007). This paper analyzes Arabic heritage speakers’ performance of narratives of life events in Arabic and English to analyze the ways in which participants manipulate their knowledge of Arabic registers to narrate, perform, and comment upon different socially-situated personae. This study examines how participants entextualize (Bucholtz 2009) the different enregistered voices in the narrative (Bakhtin 1981) to perform lived experiences.
The data in the study draws from a larger corpus of narratives of personal experiences, narrated by Arabic heritage speakers in the US. This study analyzes data from Arab-American participants, of Egyptian or Palestinian backgrounds, between the ages of 18 and 25, during 2013 and 2014. Following Koven (2001), interviews were conducted to elicit narrative stories first in Arabic, followed by a retelling of the same story in English. I argue that the limited exposure of Arabic heritage speakers to the range of registers in the Arabic language limits their performance of narratives outside their lived experiences in English. Thus, heritage speakers’ narratives in Arabic are constrained by fossilized linguistic forms that inhibit their ability to perform narratives of original speech events. In light of this, I will discuss the implications of heritage speakers’ limited exposure to varied Arabic registers and the future prospects for Arabic as a minority language in the US.
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