The Turkish economy under the Justice and Development Party (AKP) governments has been considered by some experts a great success story and a role model for other developing economies. Indeed, according to the IMF data, between 2002 and 2012, the Turkish economy increased its GDP from around $230 billion to over $783 billion with an increase in per-capita GDP from $3,500 to $10,500 in the same period. The economy did not seem to be harmed much by the recent world-wide recession and ongoing economic crisis in Europe, either. Currently, the IMF ranks the Turkish economy the 17th largest in the world and identifies it as one of the fastest growing economies (9.2% in 2010 and 8.5% in 2011) in Europe and among the G-20 economies in the recent years. Behind this seemingly successful story, however, there lies a more complicated picture for the majority of the population, especially for the vulnerable groups, such as women and poor. It is the contention of this paper that the aggregate, macroeconomic data used by the IMF and the World Bank fail to capture the changes in social policy, an area that directly affects the ordinary people’s lives. With this premise in mind, this study examines the AKP’s social policy especially as it applies to particularly women and poor. The paper specifically examines the policies on employment, healthcare, retirement and pension. The study is based on field research in Ankara, Turkey, and utilizes documents, statistics and archives.