Recent studies on the First World War opened new paths to understand the impact of the Great War in the history beyond the battlefields. As the focus moved away from the military operations, the scale of which was disproportionately concentrated on the Western European theatre of the war, geographical areas that were militarily less significant proved to be crucial for the interpretation of the social and political impacts of the Great War on a myriad of countries in the 20th century. One such subject in this recent historiography is the phenomenon of refugees. In my paper I want to analyze the experience of refugees on the Caucasian front. I would like to surpass the nationalist historiographies’ emphasis on the victimization of Muslim or Christian populations and try to handle this phenomenon as a constitutive and transformative experience not only for the people but also for the states and for the host societies. For this purpose I will analyze the Ottoman and Russian state policies and the Russian civilian relief organizations regarding the refugees. The paper will be based on archival documents of Russian, Ottoman and Georgian state archives as well as the memoirs of refugees.