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Salvation by State Alone: An Inquiry into the Political Theology of Patriarch Tawadros II
Abstract
In his response to the U.S. Congress delegation inquiring about the situation of the Copts in Egypt with the escalating violence against Christians in September 2013, Patriarch Tawadros affirmed, “freedom is precious, and the burning of our churches is but a small offering for our country.” The Patriarch’s response is not only in line with his relentless support of the military coup taking place a few months earlier overthrowing the rule of the Muslim Brotherhood, but is also reflective, as this paper argues, of his overall political theology emphasizing the state as the sole guarantor of the Church’s survival. In this light, this paper sets out to investigate the scope and dimensions of the Patriarch’s political theology. Accordingly, there are three questions guiding this research: (1) What is the Patriarch’s perception of the state? (2) How does he portray the relationship between the Church and the state? (3) How does the Patriarch reconcile what Johann Baptist Metz calls the “dangerous memory” of the Christian Gospel with the state narrative? The present study rests on three sets of sources corresponding with three areas of investigation: first, a synopsis and a working definition of political theology as presented in the works of Metz and William Cavanaugh; second, a synopsis of Patriarch Tawadros’s political theological views through an analysis of his statements and political stances since his enthronement November, 2012 drawn from Egyptian newspaper coverage (primarily, al-Ahram, al-Masri al-Yawm, al-Akhbar, al-Shuruq, al-Yawm al-Sabi‘, etc.), as well as independent Coptic websites; and third, a contextualization of the Patriarch’s political theological views in the wider context of the Coptic Church’s position under his predecessor, Shinuda III (1971-2012) drawing on newspaper coverage of certain milestones in his reign, as well as analyses of his politics. Whereas the Patriarch’s unabashed support of the military leadership can be attributed to the overarching—and understandable—anti-Islamist sentiments, especially in the aftermath of the crescendo of sectarian violence under Mursi’s presidency, this paper pushes for a deeper reading of the Patriarch’s stance, which can be attributed to his belief in the salvific image of the state as the sine qua non of the Church’s survival and prosperity. Unlike the government of the Muslim Brotherhood, the military rule, this paper will defend, epitomizes the image of state-as-savior.
Discipline
Religious Studies/Theology
Geographic Area
Egypt
Sub Area
Christian Studies