Yemeni Jewish migration to Palestine/Israel began as early as the 1880s, and continued until recent years. Throughout this period, Yemeni Jews employed strategies to maintain connected with Yemen, and to resist assimilation, while also working to integrate into Israeli society. This paper interrogates Yemeni Jewish cultural practices to ask what they, as sites of memory, can tell us about Yemeni Muslim-Jewish relations, Yemeni Jewish identity, and the construction of a shared Muslim-Jewish Yemeni diaspora. Focusing on two cultural forms, foodways and the performance of traditional Yemeni songs, this paper argues against the common understanding that 1948 marked a rupture between Middle Eastern Jews and their countries of origin. Instead, it highlights both adaptation and continuity in Middle Eastern cultural practice in Israel. Moreover, following James Scott and Robin Kelly, it argues that Yemeni Jewish cultural practice produces a hidden transcript, which critiques the hegemonic Zionist narrative of Jewish history. For example, idealized descriptions of culinary practice in Yemen and nostalgia for Yemen expressed in song call into question the ideas of negation of diaspora and the ‘redemption’ of Middle Eastern Jews so important to Zionist ideology. At the same time, however, evident in these Yemeni Jewish cultural forms are new constructions of Yemeni identity and its relationship to the state of Israel. While these challenge aspects of Zionism and connect Yemeni Jews to a broader Yemeni diaspora, which includes Jews and Muslims, they also integrate the Yemeni Jewish community into an Israeli framework and, for the most part, embrace Israeli identity. Thus, diasporic difference is manifest in opposing understandings of Yemeni identity, as Yemeni Jews largely claim Israeli-ness, and many Yemeni Muslims define authentic Yemeni-ness in opposition to Israeli identity. This paper examines foodways and music as cultural forms that continue to link Yemeni Muslims and Jews, highlighting both cultural change and preservation. It also examines how Yemeni Muslims and Jews use narratives about Yemeni Jewish culture differently, producing different constructions of Yemeni identity and its place in the modern Middle East.