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Late Ottoman Jewish Merchant Networks in the Empire and Beyond
Abstract
During the second half of the nineteenth century, as the global market for "oriental" items expanded, Ottoman merchants began to reorient their business to buyers abroad, repackaging such wares as carpets, tapestries, jewelry, lamps, divans, pillows, tables, armor, and later, "Turkish" tobacco and coffee, as oriental curiosities and luxury items. Trips to Ottoman concessions at world's fairs as well as a growing tourist industry in Ottoman lands increasingly brought these merchants into direct contact with their foreign clientele. Among the various individuals involved in the selling of things "oriental" in the late Ottoman world were a number of Sephardic Jewish merchants (of Iberian descent) resident in the Ottoman capital, as well as the Ottoman port cities of Izmir and Salonica. This paper takes as its subject these late Ottoman Sephardic merchants, following them from their native cities to various European and American destinations. While many initially travelled to represent their empire and sell their wares during international exhibitions, some decided to strike roots in cities such as Paris, London, Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York. As was true for Ottoman long-distance traders of various faiths in the same period, late nineteenth-century Ottoman Jewish merchants of eastern objects became part of new global networks, with family members and business partners now stationed in different continents, all selling Middle Eastern products. The object of the paper is twofold. First, it seeks to elucidate the nature of the networks under study in order to understand the forms of trust, social capital, communication, and partnerships they engendered with an eye on how "open" or "closed" they became at different historical junctures and in different geographical contexts. Secondly, it aims to probe the effects that these networks had on their individual members. How did the products they sold, their business connections, and their engagement with and marketing of Orientalism affect the self-image these merchants projected, both within the empire and abroad
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Ottoman Empire
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries