In this paper, I provide a novel analysis of the politics of social service provision under the AKP regime in Turkey. Beginning from the 2000s, there has been a concerted effort among Islamic-conservative circles towards incorporating Islamic charitable traditions, institutions, and practices into the public welfare apparatus, bringing changes in the scope of charity laws, the design of poverty relief mechanisms, and the structure of the state-civil society relationship. This renewed understanding of Islam’s role in addressing social problems was accompanied with a proliferation of neoliberal practices, rationalities, subjectivities, and technologies. In this paper, I demonstrate that these governmental assemblages of Islamic neoliberalism have led to the advent of the Muslim social–an Islamic version of a welfare state that, I argue, treats the social primarily as a matter of technical management and emotional attachment. The Muslim Social emerges as a complex phenomenon, embracing the legitimacy of transparency, of new public management, a higher moral value placed on formal social relationships, stricter methods of inspection, and an elaborate system for administering the collection of donations and the distribution of funds. At the same time, these governmental assemblages shaped—and were shaped by—an Islamic language of care, compassion, and charity that cultivated public sentiments among Turkish citizens. The term governmental assemblage underscores the idea that “Islamic neoliberalism” is not a monolithic entity, but should rather be understood as a flexible co-articulation of multiple and intersecting economic imaginaries, religious visions, and social projects. Through examining the political logics and unintended consequences of these Islamic-neoliberal assemblages, I demonstrate that the Muslim Social was conceived as a domain that called for designing effective technical interventions and fostering compassionate emotional bonds, thereby folding society into a realm of government. I examine the shifting mechanisms of charitable giving and aid distribution that took place in public SYD waqfs and Islamic NGOs, leveraging the theoretical literature on managerialism, social imaginaries, humanitarianism, and poverty governance across the public-private divide. I examine both spaces of congruence as well as friction between neoliberal elements and Islamic values. Original empirical material comes from fieldwork in Turkey initially conducted in 2009-2010, followed by additional trips in 2013, and 2015. Methods include in-depth interviews with employees, volunteers, and managers of Islamic NGOs and public SYD waqfs, participant observation at volunteer meetings and aid distribution events, and textual analysis of publications pertaining to Islamic charity and the welfare state.