Abstract
Using a social network analysis of workplace interactions among primarily white-collar employees at a Kuwaiti construction company, this paper examines everyday life and work in the state of Kuwait through a systematic focus on individual and interpersonal behavior. The findings from this exploratory study raise an important concern regarding the level and subjects of study when scholars speak of life in rentier societies such as those of the GCC. Specifically, by extending the analysis to non-citizen residents, this paper sheds light on an aspect of state-civil society relations, that although crucial, has been generally overlooked in the political science and macroeconomic literature on the region.
Rentier theory-based scholarly investigations of non-citizen populations in the GCC, unless explicitly focused on migration and migrant experiences, have limited their analyses to the macro-level and to the generalized implications of institutional forces such as the kafala system. Rather than speaking in broad terms of how the ratio of nationals to non-nationals along with resource- and ethno-protectionist citizenship policies circumscribes migrant experiences and socio-political action, this paper uses empirical data to concretely visualize the subtleties of everyday life in a specific social space. An online survey of top and mid-level staff at Sadeer Trading and Contracting Company allowed respondents to self-report their workplace interactions with colleagues along four interaction types: work-related communication, formal collaboration, informal socialization, and aspirational collaboration. Individual attribute data on age, nationality, place of birth, years of residence in Kuwait, family life, and employment at Sadeer was also collected and used to contextualize the network data.
The survey yielded four networks, capturing over 500 unique interactions among individuals of over half a dozen nationalities. The subsequent analysis of interpersonal interactions at Sadeer, while not directly generalizable to other organizations or spaces, offers caution against traditional approaches that marginalize the role of non-citizens in analyses of state-society relations and political action in Kuwait, but also in the GCC more broadly. Far from being peripheral outsiders, non-citizens, as illustrated through the case of Sadeer, are active participants in Kuwait’s social life, contributing to transformations in norms and practice in complex ways. For scholars seeking an honest empirical validation of rentierism as a feature of life in the GCC, it is, therefore, necessary, as this paper will demonstrate, to systemically map out everyday, micro-level interpersonal dynamics in a manner that puts data before theoretically-biased assumptions about whose actions matter and whose do not.
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