Although women in MENA have the lowest participation in the labor force compared to the rest of the region, they have had the fastest growing rate of participation in the world. This process occurred throughout the region along with other transformations such as rising education, decline in fertility rate and infant mortality as well maternal mortality rate. Women also played a significant role in the protests and uprising, which led to the downfall of the regimes in the case of Egypt and Tunisia. Women, many of them young and with university degrees joined street protest and in some cases were at the forefront. In this paper the focus is on women’s economic participation, with a focus both on employment in general and entrepreneurial activity in particular, using four datasets—the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys (WBES, consisting of 102 countries during 2002-2011) and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor dataset (GEM, with 72 countries during 2001-2009), the World Values Survey and ILO data on employment. Since female entrepreneurs are often more likely to create jobs for women, an examination of entrepreneur data, in conjunction with attitudes data and employment data can provide insights into issues women workers are likely to face in the aftermath of the Arab spring. The results of the World Values Surveys and country-level macroeconomic data, indicate that cultural attitudes are not positive towards women’s employment. This can easily translate into lack of access for women seeking both paid employment and entrepreneurial opportunities, and could result in an female employment rates stagnating, if not declining, especially in the aftermath of the Arab Spring, due to economic problems and political instability. Since women’s access to economic resources is one indicator of women’s socio-economic status, any set-back for women will tend to translate into set back particularly for those who wish to enter micro enterprises (women from low and lower income household). This could lead to a decline of women’s economic status and a set back in their social and political role.