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Southern Baptist Missionaries and the State of Israel: A Lesson from Lebanon, 1982
Abstract
The question of conservative evangelical American Christian support for the state of Israel, undergirded by dispensational premillennial theology and Christian Zionism, has been widely discussed by scholars Stephen Sizer (2004), Victoria Clark (2007), and Stephen Spector (2009). These works link various Southern Baptist Convention leaders, such as former president of the SBC’s Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, Richard Land, and former SBC president Adrian Rogers, to Christian Zionism and endorsement for the state of Israel. Absent from this literature, however, is an assessment of the perspectives of SBC missionaries living in the Middle East vis-à-vis the state of Israel and the displacement of Palestinians. My paper addresses the complicity of Southern Baptist missionary support for Israel by focusing on missionaries living in Lebanon during the 1982 Israeli invasion. This paper draws on ethnographic interviews and archival data, including correspondence and missionary reports, to demonstrate that the SBC missionaries denounced dispensational premillennialism and opposed official convention-wide attempts to issue a resolution in favor of Israel. Instead, these missionaries advocated a position of political neutrality to maintain a missionary presence in Lebanon (and the wider Middle East), all the while advocating on behalf of Palestinians in correspondence and official talks before SBC audiences. I argue that SBC missionaries’ pro-Palestinian leanings, combined with their amillennial theological position, pitted them against pro-Israeli members of the SBC in the United States and dispensational premillennialist Lebanese Baptists in Beirut. Caught betwixt and between two different groups of Baptists who adhered to dispensational premillennialism, but who did not necessarily agree on support for the state of Israel, the SBC missionaries living in Lebanon aimed to find a middle, politically neutral ground in order to act as peacemakers in the battle for Palestine. By closely examining the perspectives of SBC missionaries stationed in Lebanon regarding the state of Israel, this paper sheds new light on the complexity of SBC commitment to Christian Zionism and the rarely acknowledged pro-Palestinian stance adopted by some SBC missionaries during the 1980s.
Discipline
Religious Studies/Theology
Geographic Area
Lebanon
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries