Abstract
This paper discusses the rising phenomenon of skepticism among imams, taking as its case studies former Islamic scholars from Egypt, Yemen, Jordan and Iraq. It shares their journeys into skepticism, discussing their arguments against organized religion in general and Islam in particular. This paper will also examine what impact, if any, would this trend have on the efforts to reform Islamic thought.
The revolution in information technology and social media in the last two decades have had rippling effects on all aspects of life in the Arab world. Given the critical role religion plays in society, Islam has not escaped the effects of these seismic shifts. Social media has rendered attempts to censor questioning the faith all but obsolete, even in the most repressive countries. The threat of violence that had for decades quieted skeptics appears to have lost its power among many challengers. Severe punishment for skepticism is common in most of the Arab states. The Egyptian parliament, for instance, passed a law to ban atheism in December of 2017. Yet despite the risks, many laymen and scholars alike assert their right to choose their spirituality or to reject religion altogether. State and independent religious scholars claim that this phenomenon is a reaction to the actions of extremists, such as the Islamic State or Muslim Brotherhood However, this argument assumes that skeptics lack of knowledge of 'true' Islam, which does not account for the increase of skepticism among imams and scholars of Islamic thought who had preached to thousands of fellow Muslims prior to their abandonment of Islam. This is not a new phenomenon. One famous Saudi intellectual, Abdullah al-Qusaimi (1907-1996), was a Wahhabi theologian before becoming the godfather of atheism in the Arab world. The advance of information technology, however, is amplifying such voices and enabling unprecedented levels of debates and interactions.
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