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Women Redefined: Veiled vs Unveiled Women in Contemporary Turkey
Abstract
This paper analyzes the dichotomy of veiled versus unveiled women in contemporary Turkish society by particularly focusing on the experiences of ex-veiled women and their struggle. Female body (particularly the veiled female body) has been under increasingly close scrutiny during the last two decades of political transformation in Turkey. After coming to power in 2002, the AKP government struggled against the headscarf ban that had been in effect since 1980, and successfully lifted the ban in 2010. The infamous headscarf ban had been initiated by the Kemalist regime in an attempt to separate religion and government in Turkey, and control religion in the country (Taskin 80). Although Turkey has a long history of debate over the headscarf, and there have been other right-wing Islamist parties that were a part of the coalition government and the Turkish parliament, none of them succeeded in solving the headscarf problem before the AKP government. Since its establishment, the AKP used the headscarf ban as a trump card, and explicitly promised to solve this problem if people voted for them (Arat, “On the Emancipation” 50). The positive outcome of this act should not be underestimated, but while lifting the ban on the headscarf made Muslim women more visible in public, it also served to polarize Turkish women at different ends of the political spectrum; in Turkey, wearing a headscarf has never been a mere religious act, but rather, it is an instrument conveying political meanings that have been the subject of a struggle between secularists and Islamists (Vojdik 664). Moreover, women were divided into two spheres as either secularist elites who represented the republican/Kemalist ideology, or conservative/Islamist lower-to-middle class veiled women who became the symbol of the AKP government. This created a dichotomy of “veiled versus unveiled” that corresponds to “chaste, modest, decent versus sexually assertive” women (Cindoglu 40). In the vein, this paper analyzes a feminist platform established by ex-veiled women who share their struggles anonymously and have been facing social scrutiny by the pro-government media. The platform poses as a threat to the government’s ideology as they are the women around whom the AKP government centered their discourses, but these women now claimed that they are not pro-government and that their lives have become more difficult in the last decade due to becoming political symbols of the AKP.
Discipline
Sociology
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
Gender/Women's Studies