Abstract
World War I brought tragedy to Armenian women. Most experienced the War as involuntary removal from their homes, sexual violence, and transplantation into a Muslim household or institution, frequently accompanied with the death of their relatives. They bore children with Muslim fatherhood, repopulating the land that was being vacated of Armenian identity. The first part of this paper discusses the Ottoman government’s policies specifically regarding Armenian women. I demonstrate that a “climate of abduction” was created, one in which the Muslim population was given near-free access to Armenian female bodies. In the aftermath of the War, the defeated Ottoman government had to allow surviving Armenian leadership to find and reintegrate these women to their natal community. The second part of the paper discusses the functioning of this rescue effort and the kind of discourses produced about formerly kidnapped Armenian women and children, who, more often than not, had no choice but to re-turn to their former group. Many were then (re)married off to proper Armenian men, their reproductive capacities now serving the Armenian nation. I demonstrate that both during the genocide and in its aftermath Armenian women’s bodies turned into weapons to take revenge from the enemy. Both sides used its sexual and reproductive potential to emasculate the enemy, claiming and reclaiming who owns what.
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