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Abstract
In 1951 Iranian Prime Minister Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh announced the complete nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. Britain petitioned the United Nations to prevent Iran from this act. In response, Mossadegh went to the United Nations to defend Iran’s rights over its natural assets. On his way back to Iran, Mossadegh visited Egypt, a nation similar to Iran in several aspects; both were ruled by pro-western monarchies, each had an oppressed nationalist movement, and both had major national assets which were controlled by British interests. To a large extent, the Egyptians viewed the Iranian Prime Minister as a role model. Mossadegh’s visit to Cairo provided Egyptian nationalists a paragon upon which to base their own national government. In July 1952, a few months after the visit, the Free Officers Revolution took place in Egypt, and engendered a new spirit of hope among the Egyptian people. In August 1953, Mossadegh was overthrown by a CIA sponsored coup d’état, and the Iranian National Project came to a premature end. Thus, 1953 saw Iran and Egypt change roles. Iran, which heralded the dawn of a postcolonial era in the Middle East, once again became a reactionary ally of the West, whereas Egypt became the champion of that Nationalist policy. Prior to social networks, Middle Eastern communities were aware of revolutionary events. In this paper I will analyze Iranian and Egyptian press coverage, and British Foreign Office documents to answer the following questions: How did the Iranian public react to the Egyptian Revolution? What were the attitudes towards Egypt in the Iranian public sphere (during the revolution of 1952, and later around the Suez Canal nationalization)? And how the Iranian opposition used the Egyptian endeavor for domestic political causes?
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Egypt
Iran
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries