My research focuses on the emergence of a new set of ideas and practices of childrearing in the formative years of modern Turkey (1923-45). I analyze the ways in which the political and the intellectual webs surrounding the Children’s Protection Society (CPS) and their discussions on social hygiene, can provide us with a new understanding on children’s spaces and on children’s health in Turkey. I ask how the newly emerging children’s spaces (like daycare centers, playgrounds, nursing rooms, milk centers, children’s libraries, theaters, pedagogical museums, and specialized medical rooms for infant, child, and mother care) reflect a new understanding of childhood and puericulture that needed specialized, enclosed, and protected spaces of their own. This paper discusses the transformation of the socio-spatial order and focuses on an innovative architectural structure, named Cocuk Sarayi (Children’s Palace). Designed by the CPS, Children’s Palace can be positioned at the center of the modern scientific discourse on social hygiene and childrearing in 1930s. Children’s Palace, acting like a complex, included a daycare center, outdoor playground, a swimming pool, dormitory, a milk center (distributing sterilized milk, and regulating wet nursing), soup kitchen, public and private baths, a library for children, a dispensary for children, and a delivery room (also providing supervision during pregnancy). Children’s Palace can be analyzed as a space of encounter between Ottoman and Turkish forms of charity, a space through which state can control destitute children (“potential juvenile delinquents”), a space of interaction between children, mothers, nurses and state officials, or as a space where the modern state displayed and legitimized its agenda on hygiene and scientific childrearing practices. By analyzing this complex, I try to understand what these newly formed children’s spaces tell us about politics of social hygiene and modernity in 1930s. How they served to the medicalization of childrearing practices in the post-war demographic recovery in Turkey? And, how they acted as performative and symbolic spaces shaping the imagery and the iconography of the nation state? In my research I use ethnographic data, oral accounts, publications, maps, and statistics of the Children’s Protection Society, as well as the newspaper coverages on the CPS’s centers, and try to blend them into a broader theoretical discussion on hygiene, space, and childhood.