The Arab Spring: Questions for Gender Politics This paper considers theoretical and empirical questions that emerge from the Arab Spring in regard to gender politics. Hoping that the presence of women during and after the protests puts to rest orientalist representations of gender, feminist scholars should now be in a position to move away from having to refute these representations – an endeavor which has occupied many for a long time. Time has come to move forward, as the Arab Spring opens up a host of new questions. Some of the questions concern agency and source of change. Historically in the Middle East and North Africa, change in women’s rights was often initiated by state reformers, sometimes in alliance with women’s rights advocates. The Arab Spring has revealed the power of women’s agency in its own right. We now need to understand better which women were at the forefront of the demands for change in different countries, how they organized themselves collectively, how they framed their demands, and the conditions for success, or on the contrary, disappointments. The Arab Spring also leaves us with queries about what women have gained from it and what major issues they still face in different ways in different countries. Focusing on future research, the paper identifies possible lines of inquiry.