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The Unsung Villains: Crime and Misconduct among Britons in Egypt, 1882-1922
Abstract
Studies of the British in Egypt during the British occupation (1882-1922) have generally focused on the lives and exploits of law-abiding upper and middle class Britons who served in the military or civil service. Drawing from a variety of primary sources, this paper suggests that Britons from diverse socio-economic circumstances engaged in a wide array of professional misconduct and criminal activity. Data from private papers, government correspondences, business and church archives contends that certain British lawyers, teachers, doctors and hospital workers engaged in occupational misbehavior and negligence. The bulk of the discussion, based primarily on Cairo and Alexandria consular court records, describes the personal/domestic, social, financial and sexual crimes of Britons in Egypt and the mixture of class and professional backgrounds among the perpetrators. Regarding personal and domestic crimes, a railway technician, two engineers and a dentist were penalized for domestic abuse. A sergeant was imprisoned for arranging his child's abortion. A railway worker, a maid, a stewardess, a bank employee, an engineer's wife, and a chemist were all 'guilty' of committing suicide. Concerning social crimes, a foreman carpenter, engineer and journalist committed assault while a Methodist minister and businessmen were accused of libel. A son of a business owner, a foreman, a matron of a hospital, a military officer and his wife, and a fair number of clerks, were culpable of financial crimes. As for sexual crimes, a missionary and a railway worker were guilty of rape while former British military officers and soldiers were at fault for running brothels and procuring prostitutes. The discussion also acknowledges the response of the British authorities and the resentment of many British residents towards prostitution. Throughout the analysis, the prevalence of certain crimes in Britain is mentioned to imply that criminal activity among Britons in Egypt was similar to that of Britain. The paper suggests that alcoholism, unemployment and lack of military discipline were some factors that triggered criminal behavior. It also proposes that crime combined with lenient sentences may have encouraged Egyptian nationalist sentiment and disdain for the British especially in light of the harsh sentences handed out to Egyptian offenders during this time. Since little research has been done regarding British crime and misconduct during the occupation, this effort aims to be a useful contribution to Egyptian history, British imperial history, 'history from below' or the history of non-elites, and the burgeoning field of the social history of crime.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Egypt
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries