Reading Memories of Homosociality as Resistance against Histories of Modernity Due to their resistance to the norms of academic historical practices during the early Republican era, two prolific Turkish historians, Ibnulemin Mahmut Kemal Inal (1870-1957) and Resat Ekrem Kocu (1905-1975), are recognized today only as curious traces of a distant Ottoman past. Since Inal focused on bureaucratic elite and Kocu on urban marginalized communities, their interests do not necessarily overlap. However, their work on Ottoman social history reflects a shared conspicuous interest in homosocial relationships and a revalent sense of misogyny in sharp contrast with the developing modernist codes of morality. Inal, with his biographical dictionaries on Ottoman poets and statesmen, and Kocu, in his historical works and his 11-volume incomplete Istanbul Ansiklopedisi, relentlessly recounted the gossip and legends of homosociality, establishing an alternative archive of the 19th-century Ottoman society, which resisted against the myths of modern Turkish social sciences. Their conscious stress on homosocial relationships not only informed Inal and Kocu's works, but it also caused their marginalization at a time when heteronormativity is being formulated as a conceptual tool in the field of 'modern' Turkish historiography. The paper compares their work with the works by Fuat Koprulu and I. H. Uzuncarsili in order to identify the gender categories that are endemic to Turkish historiography and argues that Inal and Kocu's works provide homosociality as a conceptual tool for a critique of Turkish modernist cum nationalist historical practice.