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Toxifying the Sahara: On France’s Top-Secret Norms and Forms
Abstract by Samia Henni On Session IV-07  (Deserts as Archives Part II)

On Wednesday, December 1 at 11:30 am

2021 Annual Meeting

Abstract
On February 13, 1960, in the midst of the Algerian Revolution, or the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962), the French colonial regime detonated its first over ground atomic bomb at Reggane military base, in the Algerian Sahara. Codenamed “Gerboise Bleue” (Blue Jerboa), it had a blast capacity of 70 kilotons, about 4 times the strength of LittleBoy, the United States’ atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima a month before the end of the Second World War. Blue Jerboa was followed by other atmospheric detonations, as well as various underground nuclear tests, which continued until 1966, four years after Algeria’s formal independence from France. With these toxic imprints, France became the fourth country to possess weapons for mass destruction after the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United Kingdom. However, France's nuclear program in the Sahara spread radioactive fallout across Algeria, North, Central and West Africa, and the Mediterranean (including southern Europe), causing irreversible contaminations among humans, natural and built environments. This paper discusses the toxicity of the norms and forms of France’s nuclear program in the Sahara. Its aim is twofold: first, to expose the spatial dimensions of this toxicity, whose archives are classified; and second, to interrogate the voices and artifacts that enable or disable the existence or perceptibility of these toxic environments.
Discipline
Architecture & Urban Planning
Geographic Area
Sahara
Sub Area
19th-21st Centuries