Abstract
Research on the livelihoods of refugees in Egypt indicates that they are mostly engaged in informal economic activities, women as domestic workers and men as street vendors. In the Egyptian context, domestic work is devalued, is void of rights, and exposes the person to the risk of physical and sexual abuse. However, it is a highly demanded job and thus provides a gateway to income earning to families who otherwise might have find it difficult to survive in Egypt. Moreover, it offers benefits that go beyond the income received to include benefits in kind such as meals, clothes, and lending in times of difficulties. Has the situation of foreign domestic workers been affected by the Egyptian revolution? A study conducted by the researcher on Sudanese livelihoods in the few months after the revolution documented concern about increased insecurity and xenophobia. There are reasons to assume that such concerns are becoming real. Egypt’s economy has deteriorated in the last two years; the budget deficit increased, foreign currency reserves have declined, the internal debt is high and GDP growth is stunted. Recruiting domestic workers is associated with a particular social and economic class or aspiration of belonging to such class. Did the economic situation in Egypt have an impact on the demand for foreign domestic workers? Which group of migrants and refugees is mostly affected? Were they laid off or were their salaries cut? What are their coping strategies? Has the xenophobic attitude towards migrants/refugees increased with the revolution? How does it affect domestic workers who share the same household? These and other questions are covered by the research.
The methodology adopted for this research is qualitative using in-depth interviews with a selected sample of foreign domestic workers from different migrant and refugee communities in Cairo. Sudanese women who were interviewed right after the revolution have been interviewed again to evaluate their experiences after two years. Women from other migrants and refugee groups are interviewed documenting their experiences in the past two years of the revolution.
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