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The Practice of Slave-Prostitution in Early Islamic Urban Centers
Abstract
Although several authors have investigated the lives of female slaves in Islamic societies, there remains a dearth of scholarship on slave-prostitution in medieval Islamic history. This silence on slave-prostitutes is perhaps due to the erroneous idea that the Quran forbids slave-prostitution in 24:33, "...But do not force your female slaves into prostitution when they desire chastity...." However, the conditional phrasing of this verse allows people to continue using their slaves as prostitutes, and it puts the burden of chastity on the slave women themselves. Slave-prostitution was probably curtailed both by the widespread practice of concubinage and by concerns over the paternity of prostitutes' children, but the institution persisted alongside concubinage. Prostitutes provided a sexual outlet for travellers and men who could not afford a wife or concubine. This paper investigates the scattered descriptions of slaves and freedwomen who worked as prostitutes in early Islamic urban centers in Arabia and Syria. These descriptions can be found in a range of early Islamic works, from lexicons and travelogues to biographical dictionaries and Quranic exegeses; the searchable databases al-Jami al-Kabir and al-Maktaba al-Shamila make plumbing this material more fruitful than ever before. These collected accounts provide glimpses into many aspects of slave-prostitution: what kinds of wages prostitutes earned, how they indicated they were prostitutes, where their masters bought them, the economic status of their masters, the appearance of their bodies, the clients who visited them, and the physical spaces where they worked. Not only does this analysis recover the lived experiences of slave women in early Islamic society, but it also provides a basis for potential cross-cultural analyses with other premodern Near Eastern societies that employed slaves and freedwomen as prostitutes.
Discipline
History
Geographic Area
Arabian Peninsula
Sub Area
7th-13th Centuries