The armistice marking the end of the First World War on November 11th, 1918, should have brought relief to the residents of Tunis and to the roughly one hundred thousand demobilized conscripts and forced laborers now returning home. On the day after the armistice, two veterans led an enthusiastic crowd of Jews (among them Tunisians, Algerians, and European settlers) accompanied by several cars adorned with Zionist and French flags down the Avenue de Carthage, reportedly chanting “Long live France! Long live the Allies! Long live Palestine! Long live the Jews!” Yet as it passed the Café du Casino, the group was met with opposing chants: “Down with the Jews!” The ensuing scuffle, which pitched the Jewish demonstrators against a collection of European settlers and Muslim Tunisian participants, resulted in dozens of hospitalizations and at least one death, with police shutting down entire neighborhoods of the capital. This incident was not the first of its kind: over a hundred reports on intercommunal violence and tensions are compiled in a dossier entitled “War of 1914-18 – Jewish Community” in the French diplomatic archives. In truth, the dossier, despite its name, includes little information about anything but what are categorized as “anti-Semitic incidents.” A deeper reading reveals how the French colonial “politics of protection” set the stage for the production of Tunisian Jews as a minority apart and of a crisis of “anti-Semitism” at a time when France was positioning itself on the international stage for a role in governing the former territories of the Ottoman Empire. This paper examines the French construction of a “Jewish Question” in Tunisia during the First World War and its immediate aftermath, within the emergent international context of minority regimes that would inform French membership in the League of Nations and its justification for the Mandates in Syria and Lebanon. What circumstances helped forged the category of “anti-Semitic incidents”? How and why was a “Jewish Question” constructed? In turn, I investigate how Jews in Tunisia responded to intercommunal violence and the upheavals of the colonial war, with a focus on new transnational political visions. In what terms did Jews themselves make claims for justice? And how did transnational connections and the international community figure into these claims? Drawing from the popular press and colonial archives, this paper reveals the diversity of political visions among Jews in Tunisia at the war’s end.