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Making Claims of Kurdishness: ‘Alternative’ Urban Projects in Diyarbakir, Turkey
Abstract
On March 15, 2011, Diyarbakir, the largest Kurdish-populated city in Turkey, woke up with a large brand new tent erected by the pro-Kurdish party, BDP (Peace and Democracy Party, Baris ve Demokrasi Partisi). Inspired by the occupation of “Tahrir Square”, in the wave of the Arab Spring, the massive tent was erected in the main park of the city as part of a larger project of ‘civil disobedience’ which demanded ‘the immediate release of hundreds of Kurdish politicians, the right to educate in Kurdish, an end to military operations against the PKK (Partiya Karkeran Kurdistan, Kurdistan Workers Party) and the abolishment of Turkey’s 10 percent election threshold for parliamentary representation. Within one week, tents of pro-Kurdish party began to appear in the main urban quarters of several other cities in Turkey, along with daily-organized protests, and they remained until May 2011. This project of ‘civil disobedience’ is one such urban project where the pro-Kurdish party aims to stage a protest against the Turkish state and conceptualize an alternative Kurdish movement through intervention of urban space. This paper examines the following main questions: 1) How do we explain rising Kurdish urban mobilization in Turkey? 2) To what extent have the Kurds of Turkey staged their own Arab Spring? I argue that urban space has been essential for the pro-Kurdish party in institutionalizing Kurdish movement and prompting the agenda of Kurdish nationalist discourse, particularly since the late 1990s. In this vein, I analyze the very urban practices of the pro-Kurdish party and its local administrations in order to explore the emergence of new political Kurdish subjectivities in the context of rising Kurdish nationalism in Turkey. The paper is based on a series of research trips conducted in Diyarbakir and Batman provinces in Turkey between 2007 and 2012 (including during the 2011 protests). The main sources include participant observation, in-depth interviews, government speeches, and other qualitative sources.
Discipline
Architecture & Urban Planning
Geographic Area
Turkey
Sub Area
None