The paper will examine female religiosity and gender history in early modern Central Asia based on the 16th century male-authored work entitled, Ma?har al-?aj?’ib, devoted to a female Sufi master known as Agh?-yi Buzurg, who was active in the vicinity of Bukhara in the early 1500s. Few scholars have yet seriously conducted a careful textual analysis of the remarkable source, the Ma?har al-?aj?’ib, that is, as of today, the only known work produced in Central Asia that is devoted to a female Sufi master. Specifically, this paper will investigate the ways in which the author of the Ma?har al-?aj?’ib, ??fi? Ba??r, constructs his female master’s reputation as a spiritual leader. The paper argues that in its portrayal of Agh?-yi Buzurg, the Ma?har al-?aj?’ib represents a tradition that maintained an egalitarian conception of gender in the spiritual equality of women and men. The Ma?har al-?aj?’ib is a unique source giving us a glimpse of the gender specific aspects of perceptions of the 16th century author, and thus attests to the presence of multiple voices in Muslim discourse, and challenges the conventional ways of thinking about gender relations in Islamic societies.