Abstract
In July of 1952, the international media rushed to record revolutionary and tragic events that unfolded, respectively, in Egypt and Argentina. Early in the morning of July 23rd, the voice of the young army officer Anwar Sadat rang out across the airwaves as he announced the bloodless coup that was taking place, and that would soon oust Farouk I. Press organs around the world buzzed with the news, but in Argentina, Farouk’s defeat was eclipsed by national tragedy. On the same day that Farouk fled to Italy, First Lady Eva (“Evita”) Perón lay on her deathbed. On the evening of the 26th, rapt listeners across Argentina tuned in as the National Press Secretary interrupted the nightly broadcast to announce that “at 20:25 hours Mrs. Eva Perón, Spiritual Leader of the Nation, died.” With Eva Perón’s death, an outpouring of popular grief mixed with patriotic zeal, reaching a fever pitch with nearly three million people attending her funeral. In the months that followed, populist leader Juan Domingo Perón embarked on his second term in office faced with a national economy plagued by mounting financial problems, and no longer bolstered by Eva, his charismatic partner and ally in the Peronist national project. Across the country, press organs from Argentina’s Middle Eastern community joined the fray of impassioned mourning for Eva Perón, but their anguish was also accompanied by an explosion of jubilant press coverage of the revolutionary process unfolding on Egyptian soil. For Argentine citizens who could trace their roots back to Arabic-speaking immigrants from the Eastern Mediterranean, or who had themselves emigrated from this region, the events of 1952 led to opportunities for advocating for a closer relationship between Argentina and the Arab world. In this paper, I analyze the ways in which Argentines experienced, and reacted to, the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. In the post-World War II era, both Argentina and Egypt looked to strengthen their international alliances within the Global South as they negotiated their position in the early Cold War era. University students, government officials, and citizens of Arab descent living in Argentina looked on enthusiastically as the Revolution and ensuing Suez Canal crisis unfolded. Both Argentine and Egyptian witnesses to these events interpreted them as signs of a common destiny for Latin America and the Arab world. This paper is based on archival research conducted in Argentina’s Biblioteca Nacional, and the Hoover Institute at Stanford University.
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