In April 1965, the Turkish parliament passed the population planning law which ended the decades long pronatalist policies and legalized the use of birth control methods, including pills, the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs). The law, which was passed by a slim margin in the parliament, sparked political controversies and public discussions in the mainstream media before and after it was put in effect. Despite political tensions in the post-coup social and political environment of 1960s Turkey, the law was quickly institutionalized, resulting in the formation of new vocabularies of reproduction and population that became the subject of scientific studies by researchers from various universities in mid-1960s Turkey. However, Turkish government’s plans to disseminate family planning services in rural areas and newly emerging urban squatters was hampered by several obstacles. To address the budgetary, technological, and logistical shortfalls, Turkish authorities collaborated with the Population Council and Rockefeller Foundation to fund and facilitate family planning projects. A group of medical doctors, sociologists, and population experts joined a nation-wide family planning campaign and distributed birth control pills and IUDs to the hundreds of thousands of rural and urban poor families in Turkey. This paper explores the implications of the new technologies of family planning to understand formation of family, sexuality, and subjectivity in Turkey in the 1960s. What work did birth control pills and IUDs do politically, socially, and culturally at the intersection of transnational anxieties and local endeavors regarding social development in Cold War Turkey? How did rural and urban poor women (and men) receive and respond to health experts, Turkish or American, knocking on their doors with new technologies of medicine? In the framework of these questions this paper seeks to understand the affective and practical implications of emerging medical technologies and apparatuses in the lives of rural and urban poor women (and men) in Turkey.