In May 1948, war in Palestine redrew the British colonial-era boundary between Palestine and Transjordan creating a previously non-existent border between the newly established state of Israel and an enlarged Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Following a United Nations-sponsored armistice agreement between Jordan and Israel in April 1949, the United Nations addressed the needs of the vast Palestinian refugee population. UN General Assembly Resolution 302 (IV), “Assistance to Palestine Refugees,” of 8 December 1949 charged a new organization, the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) with ensuring aid and works programs for Palestinian refugees now under its care. Subject to the armistice agreement, the Jordanian government became responsible for policing the armistice line and the territory it had annexed while the lives of Palestinians living in villages and refugee camps in Jordan’s new frontier zone were being re-shaped by post-war displacement, loss, and deprivation. Jordanian officers arrested citizens and refugees for a range of crimes, which appear in the sijillat jara’im (register of crimes) that I found for the Hebron District for the years 1951-1953. UNRWA set up 19 refugee camps on the Jordanian West Bank by 1965, two of which, al-Arrub and al-Fawwar, were established in the Hebron District in 1949 and are included in the register of crimes I analyze. Some of the arrest records indicate that the Jordanian Public Prosecutor tried cases on behalf of UNRWA against people accused of theft, buying and selling stolen property, forging UNRWA rations cards, and assault against Palestinian employees of UNRWA. Many excellent studies have been published over the decades examining inter alia UNRWA’s impact on Palestinians’ lives, life in the refugee camps, and on relief efforts. Legal analyses have focused on the structure of UNWRA within the international refugee regime that developed in the years following World War II, as the Palestinian Nakba came just a few years after Europe and the United Nations were grappling with the massive demands posed by displaced persons around the world resulting from hostilities, decolonization, and regional conflicts. Absent from the scholarly record is a history of the legal relationship between UNRWA and the Jordanian government. The current study concentrates on Hebron and its surrounding villages and refugee camps during the early 1950s while focusing on the history of UNRWA, its relationship with the Jordanian government, and on Palestinians’ lived experiences in the Hebron District, under the legal framework established between Jordan and UNRWA.