Full-time Muslim K-12 schools are a very recent phenomenon in Metropolitan France. It dates back to 2001 with the opening of two separate schools: a middle school (La Réussite) and an elementary school (La Plume), though the will to do so can be traced back a decade earlier. The geographical locations of Muslim schools in France maps with immigration from Muslim countries, with strong concentration in the Paris, Lyon, and Lille areas. The number of these schools has been growing exponentially: from 11 schools opened in September 2010 teaching 1,100 students, to 74 schools teaching 7,778 students in Fall 2017. This surge is widely seen as a threat. While the increase in the number of Muslim schools is happening at the same rate as non-confessional schools and Evangelical schools, only Muslim schools are the ones who are raising the bell and specters of communautarisme/ethnic separatism and radicalization. This talk is excerpted from the first book-length study dedicated to this phenomenon. In France, Islamic practices (such as wearing a headscarf) are excluded from public schools and Muslim students’ culture is either absent or presented in slanted, biased perspective in the curriculum. I starts by raising the issue of the toll that obvious and pernicious exclusions can take on parents and students. I then examine the curriculum used by some Muslim schools for the subject not offered in public schools, namely Islamic Religious studies, drawing on field work conducted in Fall 2016 and Spring 2018, during which I observed Arabic and Islamic education classes, and talked with school administrators and teachers. The stated goals and mission of these schools make it a top priority to help students reconcile their identity as Muslim French. I examine how the schools’ objectives translate into practice, focusing on how school administrators and teachers endeavor to achieve those goals, particularly through the religion and Arabic classes. I show how the traditional field of Islamic education has been adapted to build both national and religious identities among French Muslim students, and how these classes participate in the making of a French Islam.