What are the consequences of regional autonomy on regional ethnic group conflict? This project uses data from interviews with ethnic minorities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and data on regional ethnic group conflict in regional units around the world to examine the consequences of regional autonomy on ethnic conflict at the regional level. Regional autonomy is viewed as one solution to ethnic conflict without consideration for how regional autonomy impacts regional minority groups. This overlook in research is not surprising given that scholars and policymakers assume mistakenly that ethnically-concentrated regions are homogenous. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq is widely viewed as a mostly ethnic Kurdish region when in fact it is internally diverse and comprises of different ethnic groups like Assyrians, Yezidis, Turkmen, and Arabs. Regional autonomy to the Kurdish majority shaped the political status and strategies of other ethnic minorities within the region. Ethnic minorities within the region are powerless when it comes to shaping legislation or influencing policy because they are excluded from regional government and are unable to secure a majority of support for policy recommendations. Exclusion of ethnic minorities from regional governance has led to some ethnic members aligning with the Kurdish Regional Government in order to secure resources from the state and other ethnic members protesting the regional government for stronger responsiveness to regional minorities. The consequences of regional ethnic power imbalances may create challenges to peaceful governance between regional ethnic groups that may threaten the stability of the regional and national system.