Abstract
The Role of Women in Marriage as Seen by three Salafis:
Obstacles, Rights, and Duties
The past century has witnessed dynamic debates about the role of women in family law among Arab Muslims throughout the Middle East and North Africa. These debates started as early as the nineteenth century and were led by the Egyptian scholar Mu?ammad ‘Abdu. During the twentieth century, after gaining independence, many Arab states codified their Islamic family law. Others maintained the Islamic family law as part of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Numerous Arab Muslim scholars have written on the topic of family law, including the rights and duties of women. This paper, however, is one of the first to present Salafi’s opinions on the role of women in the Islamic marriage contract. In this paper, I chose three prominent individuals from three different Arab states within the Salafi movement; the Egyptian scholar Rash?d Ri??, the Saudi muft? Ibn al-?Uthaym?n, and the Moroccan scholar ‘All?l al-F?s?. In this paper, I juxtapose their different opinions and show the evidence they provide on the role of the woman in her marriage; specifically in regard to being coerced to marry, the role of the marriage guardian (wal?), the age of marriage (bul?gh), and the woman’s duties and responsibilities within the household. More importantly, I demonstrate that, despite the perception that the Salafi movement is ultra-conservative in regard to women, these three individuals have opinions that vary from conservative to liberal, from restricting the role of women in marriage to granting them complete freedom in their contract, and that are internally inconsistent.
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